16 Macam Tenses dan Contohnya
Tenses is a verb tenses in English that aims to show the time (present, future, or the past) as well as the occurrence of an act or event. Tenses itself is divided into three major parts, namely: Past, Present, Future. And in the Indonesian language means Past, Present, and Later. Tenses themselves divided into 16 forms. 4 is in the past tense. 4 and 8 in the present tense again in the future tense.
A. Present
Present work is a word that can be spelled more accurately show the current time, the present is divided into four tenses, namely present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense.
1. Present tense
Present tense is a verb form used to express facts, habits, events, activities, events and so on that occur at this time. Present Tense is also used to express a fact, or something that happens over and over again in the present. Verb form is most commonly used in English
Formula :
( + ) S + V1 (s/es)
( - ) S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
( ? ) DO/DOES + S + V1
Example :
(+) he drinks milk
(- ) he doesn’t drink milk
(?) does he drink milk ?
2. Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense is a verb form that is used to declare, say, discuss ongoing action now (present) or plan to in the future (future). Due to use in the present or future. This tense is often accompanied by an adverb of time to clarify.
Formula :
( + ) S + Tobe +Ving
( - ) S +Tobe +Not + Ving
( ? ) Tobe + S + Ving
Example :
( + ) We are studying now
(- ) We aren’t studying now
(?) Are you studying now ?
3. Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect is a form of work that is used to declare an act or event that has been done and is still associated with the present
Formula :
( + ) S + Have/has + V3
( - ) S + Have/has Not + V3
( ? ) Have/has + S + V3
Example :
(+) I have lived here for 2 years
(- ) I haven’t lived here 2 years
(?) Have you lived here 2 years ?
4. Present perfect continuous tense
Present perfect continuous tense of a verb form that is primarily used to declare an event or events that had just finished.
Formula :
( + ) S + Have/has + been + Ving
( - ) S + have/has + not + been + Ving
( ? ) have/has + S + been + Ving
Example :
(+) She has been eating
(- ) She has not been eating
(?) Has She been eating ?
B. Past
Past is a verb which arguably shows more precisely the first time / is already past, the past tense is divided into four, ie past tense, past continuous tense, past tense and the past perfect perfecet continuous tense
1. Past tense
ense past tense is used to express the events that have "Past". Past here should not have been too long, which is already gone, already passed. That emphasis. Maybe yesterday, an hour ago, 1 year ago, one century ago, and so on.
Formula :
( + ) S + V2
( - ) S + did + not + V1
( ? ) Did + S + V1
Example :
(+) He bought a pair of shoes yesterday
(- ) He didn’t buy a pair of shoes yesterday
(?) Did he buy a pair of shoes yesterday ?
2. Past continuous tense
Past continuous tense is used to merupaka tense to express events that are happening as well, but it is going sekarangg, but was going on but once, but it was over.
Formula :
( + ) S + was/were +Ving
( - ) S + was/were + not + Ving
( ? ) Was/were + S + Ving
Example :
(+) He was cooking
(- ) He was not cooking
(?) Was he cooking ?
3. Past perfect tense
Past perfect tense is the form used to indicate the time, expressing the things that has been completed at that time (in the past / past time).
Formula :
( + ) S + Had + V3
( - ) S + had + not + V3
( ? ) had + S + V3
Example :
(+) My parents had already eaten by the time i got home
(- ) Sam had not left when we got there
(?) When your son was in the junior high school, had you lived there ?
4. Past perfect continuous tense
past perfect continuous tense is used to express the form of the thing or event that something has happened in the past and currently.
Formula :
( + ) S + had + been + Ving
( - ) S + Had + not + been + Ving
( ? ) had + S + been + Ving
Example :
(+) She had been reading a novel
(- ) She had not reading a novel
(?) Had She been reading a novel ?
C. Future
Futures is a verb which shows the time arguably more precisely Later / that has not happened, the future is divided into 8 forms, namely: the future tense, future continuous tense, future perfect tense, future perfect continuous tense, future tense past, past continuous futures tense, future perfect tense past, future and past continuous tense perfect.
1. Future tense
Future tense is used to form time to declare an act or event which will Happen. Later future tense is about. Something meaning he is a future
Formula :
( + ) S + will + V1
( - ) S + will + not + V1
( ? ) Will + S + V1
Example :
(+) He wiil go to Bandung tomorrow
(- ) He will not go to Bandung tomorrow
(?) Will he go to Bandung tomorrow ?
2. Future continuous tense
Future continuous tense present tense used to express an event that is happening or will be being done at a certain time in the future as well as the Present Continuous Tense, but the difference in the Future Continuous Tense "Medium" it was not now but tomorrow, will come, later.
Formula :
( + ) S + will + be + Ving
( - ) S + will + not + be + Ving
( ? ) Will + S + be + Ving
Example :
(+) She will be reading at 8 p.m
(- ) She will not be reading at 8 p.m
(?) Will she be reading at 8 p.m ?
3. Future perfect tense
Future perfect tense present tense used to express something that will be completed in the future that have started in the past.
Formula :
( + ) S + will + have + V3
( - ) S + will + not + have + V3
( ? ) will + S + have + V3
Example :
(+) Dika will have rented my house next month
(- ) Dika will not have rented my house next month
(?) Will Dika have rented my house next month ?
4. Future perfect continuous tense
Future perfect continuous tense is a form of work that is used to declare that an action would have been beralngsung for a long time at a certain point in time in the future or events that would have been, and still take place in the future.
Formula :
( + ) S + will + have + been + Ving
( - ) S + will + not + have + been + ving
( ? ) will + S + have + been + Ving
‘
Example :
(+) The cat will have been sleeping long
(- ) The cat won’t have been sleeping long
(?) Will the cat have been sleeping long ?
5. Past future tense
Past future tense is a verb form used to express the events will be conducted in the past but not this time.Formula :
( + ) S + would + V1
( - ) S + would + not + V1
( ? ) would + S + V1
Example :
(+) You would work
(- ) You would not work
(?) would you wok ?
6. Past future continuous tense
Past future tense continuous tense is used to express the events that will be going on, at a specific time in the future.
Formula :
( + ) S + would + be + Ving
( - ) S + would + not + be + Ving
( ? ) Would + S + be + Ving
Example:
(+) I would be taekwondo training at 6 yesterday.
(- ) I would not be taekwondo training at 6 yesterday.
(?) Would you be taekwondo training at 6 yesterday ?
7. Past future perfect tense
Past tense is the future perfect tense is used to express something that's been happening, but it WILL but its position would have been passed.
Formula :
( + ) S + would + have + V3
( - ) S + would + not + have + V3
( ? ) would + S + have + V3
Example :
(+) They would have driven home
(- ) They would not have driven home
(?) Would they have driven home ?
8. Past future perfect continuous tense
Past continuous tense is the future perfect tense is used to express the events that will be, has been and still take place in the past, the past. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense about events or things that would have been taking place in the past.
Formula :
( + ) S + would + have + been + Ving
( - ) S + would + not + have + been + Ving
( ? ) would + S + have + been + Ving
Example :
(+) She would have been working there for 1 year
(- ) She would not have been working there for 1 year
(? ) Would she have been working there for 1 year?
Rabu, 02 April 2014
MACAM-MACAM BENTUK SURAT
Format Full Block Style
1. Full Block Style
Full block style letter format is considered as the most formal letter format from the format or another form letter. In a letter full block style shaped in the letter of each line using the left. Although there are no official regulations on the use of full block style format but a full block style format commonly used in a query letter, announcements and, job applications.
Note the full block style format follows:
Example :
Messrs. Johnson Smith & Carlton Ltd
Managing Director
16 Fifth Avenue Street
Los Angeles, USA
Dear Sirs,
We have to rimind you that account for television ordered on 12 february has not yet been paid. Discount cannot now be allowed.
You will remember that we went to some trouble to meet your delivery date, and we are sure that you would not wish to inconvenience us by delaying your payment.
A copy of the statement is enclosed, and we shall be glad to receive your cheque by return.
Yours faithfully,
Jonathan R. Smith
Managing Director.
2. Block Style
Block style format or also can be called a simple letter format is a format letters are almost the same arrangement with a full block style that uses the left. Just writing the date, the name of the sender of a letter written in the light of the right letter.
Consider the following block style format:
Example :
Ref: GM/LG/14F 4th April, 2013
Mr. Walter D. Spencer
Purchase Manager
Bandung Continental Hotel
14 Jln. Papandayan
Bandung 20001 Jawa Barat
Dear Sirs,
We have pleasure in sending you a copy of our catalogue, price-list and terms of payment.
We would particularly like to draw your attention to the new towel which is specially designed for hotel guest on page 2 of the catalogue we enclose.
We are able to offer a special discount of a 15% on all orders above Rp. 15,000,000.00.
We hope you will be pleased with the catalogue we send you and look forward to receiving your first order.
3. Semi Block Style
Semi-block style letter format as in another letter format used for official letter whose position is less formal than the full block style. Unlike the full block and block style styel, each paragraph formatted contents of the letter semi block style indented.
Note the semi-block style format follows :
Example :
150 Keban Agung Residence Street
Queensland, Brisbane 20009
Ref : DY/NV/7A 17th June, 2012
Mr. Andalusia M.Bob
Personal Manager
Indonesian Mobile Ltd
19 Triangle Street
Brisbane 17020
Dear Mr. Bob
We are considering Mr. Ahsyarudin Putra Omar alamnaharlan for the position of Accounting Manager eith our company. In his application, he mention your name as a reference.
We would appreciate your opinion of Mr. Ahsyarudin’s character, personality, skill and ability to handle accounting and creativity in accounting matters.
Any information you can give us will of course be kept confidential.
David Cameroon
General Manager
4. Hanging Style
While the format or form letters distinguish themselves with style hanging block style with Alenia write first letter of each paragraph is not indented, while Alenia later on further inside.
Note the hanging style format follows:
Example :
No : 015/JS/V/12 5 April 2012
Atachment : -
Point letter : demand for computer deals
PT. Kencana Agung
Jalan Gunung Sahari No. 20
Central of Jakarta
Dear Sirs ,
We proclaim to you that our company has available budget in 2011 for the purchase of computers . From one relation , we obtain the information that the company you are engaged in office machinery equipment and supplies good quality .
In connection with the foregoing , we ask that you send a letter regarding offers computer equipment and supplies , with the following particulars :
1 . Terms of delivery of goods
2 . Terms of payment
3 . Discounts are given
4 . The number of available items
5 . After-sales service
In addition , we asked for was delivered leaflets , catalogs , and brochures goods.
For your attention , we thank you .
Your Sincerely,
Rollan Ferancia Komaji
Direktur
1. Full Block Style
Full block style letter format is considered as the most formal letter format from the format or another form letter. In a letter full block style shaped in the letter of each line using the left. Although there are no official regulations on the use of full block style format but a full block style format commonly used in a query letter, announcements and, job applications.
Note the full block style format follows:
Example :
CAMBRIDGE ELECTRONIC CORPORATION
231 Blackmore Street
New York, N.Y. 20011 USA
Ref : JS/LL/12B
17th April, 2013Messrs. Johnson Smith & Carlton Ltd
Managing Director
16 Fifth Avenue Street
Los Angeles, USA
Dear Sirs,
We have to rimind you that account for television ordered on 12 february has not yet been paid. Discount cannot now be allowed.
You will remember that we went to some trouble to meet your delivery date, and we are sure that you would not wish to inconvenience us by delaying your payment.
A copy of the statement is enclosed, and we shall be glad to receive your cheque by return.
Yours faithfully,
Jonathan R. Smith
Managing Director.
2. Block Style
Block style format or also can be called a simple letter format is a format letters are almost the same arrangement with a full block style that uses the left. Just writing the date, the name of the sender of a letter written in the light of the right letter.
Consider the following block style format:
Example :
INTERNATIONAL GARMENT CORPORATION OF INDONESIA
Jln. Panglima Polem Raya No.21
SURABAYA 10012
INDONESIA
Ref: GM/LG/14F 4th April, 2013
Mr. Walter D. Spencer
Purchase Manager
Bandung Continental Hotel
14 Jln. Papandayan
Bandung 20001 Jawa Barat
Dear Sirs,
We have pleasure in sending you a copy of our catalogue, price-list and terms of payment.
We would particularly like to draw your attention to the new towel which is specially designed for hotel guest on page 2 of the catalogue we enclose.
We are able to offer a special discount of a 15% on all orders above Rp. 15,000,000.00.
We hope you will be pleased with the catalogue we send you and look forward to receiving your first order.
Yours Sincerely,
George Soros
Marketing Manager
3. Semi Block Style
Semi-block style letter format as in another letter format used for official letter whose position is less formal than the full block style. Unlike the full block and block style styel, each paragraph formatted contents of the letter semi block style indented.
Note the semi-block style format follows :
Example :
INDONESIAN MOBILE MOON BLIND CORPORATION
150 Keban Agung Residence Street
Queensland, Brisbane 20009
Ref : DY/NV/7A 17th June, 2012
Mr. Andalusia M.Bob
Personal Manager
Indonesian Mobile Ltd
19 Triangle Street
Brisbane 17020
Dear Mr. Bob
We are considering Mr. Ahsyarudin Putra Omar alamnaharlan for the position of Accounting Manager eith our company. In his application, he mention your name as a reference.
We would appreciate your opinion of Mr. Ahsyarudin’s character, personality, skill and ability to handle accounting and creativity in accounting matters.
Any information you can give us will of course be kept confidential.
David Cameroon
General Manager
4. Hanging Style
While the format or form letters distinguish themselves with style hanging block style with Alenia write first letter of each paragraph is not indented, while Alenia later on further inside.
Note the hanging style format follows:
Example :
TOKO GEMILANG JAYA
Jalan Baru Raya No. 35 Jakarta Selatan
Telp. (021) 7277722
No : 015/JS/V/12 5 April 2012
Atachment : -
Point letter : demand for computer deals
PT. Kencana Agung
Jalan Gunung Sahari No. 20
Central of Jakarta
Dear Sirs ,
We proclaim to you that our company has available budget in 2011 for the purchase of computers . From one relation , we obtain the information that the company you are engaged in office machinery equipment and supplies good quality .
In connection with the foregoing , we ask that you send a letter regarding offers computer equipment and supplies , with the following particulars :
1 . Terms of delivery of goods
2 . Terms of payment
3 . Discounts are given
4 . The number of available items
5 . After-sales service
In addition , we asked for was delivered leaflets , catalogs , and brochures goods.
For your attention , we thank you .
Your Sincerely,
Rollan Ferancia Komaji
Direktur
5. Intended Style
Format or form letter intended this style is almost the same as the block style, the difference is in the writing addresses that resemble stairs.
Consider the following style intended format :
Example :
No : 12/P/1/13 January 10, 2013
Lamp : -
It : Offers of goods and services
to
PT Nusantara Jaya
Singasari road No. 24
Semarang
Dear Sirs ,
With this letter we intend memperkenalknan our company PT Abadi Sentosa , to Mr / Director of PT Nusantara Jaya at Jalan Singasari No. 24 Semarang .
We are a company engaged in the procurement of goods and services of electrical installation and electrical installation work is experienced in office buildings or shopping . Therefore according to the information we collect , PT Nusantara Jaya is a property company that is rapidly growing and will build more shops and office buildings .
In relation to that , we made an offer for the installation and electrical installations in our core business . Our hope , this offer can be realized in the form of cooperation that can benefit both parties . If the company Mr. interested , we are ready for more talks .
Similarly, we hereby offer letter , for your attention and cooperation we convey gratitude .
Your sincerely,
PT.Abadi Sentosa
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